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1 act
ækt
1. verb1) (to do something: It's time the government acted to lower taxes.) actuar2) (to behave: He acted foolishly at the meeting.) comportarse3) (to perform (a part) in a play: He has acted (the part of Romeo) in many theatres; I thought he was dying, but he was only acting (= pretending).) actuar, representar, fingir
2. noun1) (something done: Running away is an act of cowardice; He committed many cruel acts.) acto2) ((often with capital) a law: Acts of Parliament.) ley3) (a section of a play: `Hamlet' has five acts.) acto4) (an entertainment: an act called `The Smith Family'.) función•- acting- actor
- act as
- act on
- act on behalf of / act for
- in the act of
- in the act
- put on an act
act1 n1. acto2. número3. leyact2 vb1. actuar2. comportarse3. actuar / ser actor / ser actriztr[ækt]1 acto, acción nombre femenino2 SMALLTHEATRE/SMALL acto1 (do something) actuar2 (behave) portarse, comportarse■ how would you act if that happened to you? ¿qué harías tú si te pasara eso?3 (in theatre) actuar, hacer teatro; (in cinema) actuar, hacer cine■ have you been acting a long time? ¿hace mucho que actúas?4 (pretend) fingir■ she's not angry, she's just acting no está enfadada, sólo lo finge1 hacer el papel de\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto catch somebody in the act coger a alguien in fraganti, coger a alguien con las manos en la masato get in on the act familiar subirse al carroto get one's act together familiar organizarse, espabilarseact of God fuerza mayorthe Acts of the Apostles los Hechos de los Apóstolesact ['ækt] vi1) perform: actuar, interpretar2) feign, pretend: fingir, simular3) behave: comportarse4) function: actuar, servir, funcionar5) : tomar medidashe acted to save the business: tomó medidas para salvar el negocio6)to act as : servir de, hacer deact n1) deed: acto m, hecho m, acción f2) decree: ley f, decreto m3) : acto m (en una obra de teatro), número m (en un espectáculo)4) pretense: fingimiento mn.• efecto s.m.n.• ley s.f. (Proceedings)n.• acta s.f. (Theater)n.• acto s.m.n.• acción s.f.v.• actuar v.• aparentar v.• fingir v.• interpretar v.• obrar v.• representar v.noun = American College Test
••
Cultural note:
Una prueba que los estudiantes de la mayoría de los estados que forman Estados Unidos deben aprobar para ser admitidos en la universidad. Normalmente tiene lugar al final de la high school y cubre un número de materias principales, p.ej. inglés y matemáticas[ækt]1. N1) (=deed) acto m, acción f2) (Parl) ley f3) (Theat) (=division) acto m ; (=performance) número m- get into or in on the act- get one's act together4) (fig) (=pretence) cuento m, teatro mto put on an act — fingir, hacer teatro *
2.VT (Theat) [+ play] representarto act the part of — (lit) hacer el papel de
he really acted the part — (fig) la verdad es que daba el papel
- act the fool3. VI1) (=perform) (Theat) hacer teatro; (Cine) hacer cinehave you ever acted? — ¿has actuado alguna vez?, ¿tienes experiencia como actor?
who's acting in it? — ¿quién actúa?
2) (=pretend)stupid3) (=behave) actuar, comportarsehe is acting strangely — está actuando or se está comportando de una manera rara
she acted as if she was unwell — actuaba or se comportaba como si estuviera enferma
4) (=take action) obrar, tomar medidas5) (=work)6) (=function) [thing] funcionarit acts as a deterrent — sirve para disuadir, sirve de disuasión
7) (=take effect) [drug] surtir efecto, actuar4.CPDact of contrition N — acto m de contrición
act of faith N — acto m de fe
act of folly N — locura f
act of God N — (caso m de) fuerza f mayor
we're not insured against acts of God — no estamos asegurados en casos de fuerza mayor or no estamos asegurados contra fuerzas mayores
act of justice N — acto m de justicia
Act of Parliament N — ley f (aprobada por el Parlamento)
act of treason N — traición f
act of war N — acción f de guerra
- act on- act out- act up- act uponACT OF PARLIAMENT A una ley ya aprobada por el Parlamento británico se la denomina Act of Parliament. Antes, cuando todavía es un proyecto de ley ( bill), puede ser modificado tanto por la Cámara de los Comunes como por la de los Lores. Si ambas cámaras lo aprueban, se envía al monarca para que dé su aprobación ( Royal Assent), aunque esto es una mera formalidad. Tras ello la ley ya es oficialmente un Act of Parliament, y pasa a formar parte de la legislación británica, reemplazando cualquier ley consuetudinaria ( common law) que hubiera sobre ese asunto.See:see cultural note COMMON LAW in common* * *noun = American College Test
••
Cultural note:
Una prueba que los estudiantes de la mayoría de los estados que forman Estados Unidos deben aprobar para ser admitidos en la universidad. Normalmente tiene lugar al final de la high school y cubre un número de materias principales, p.ej. inglés y matemáticas -
2 act *****
[ækt]1. vi1) (take action) agire2)(function: thing, person)
to act as — fungere da, fare da, (drug) agireacting in my capacity as chairman, I... — in qualità di presidente, io...
to act for sb — agire in nome or per conto di qn
3) (behave) comportarsito act like a fool — fare lo (-a) stupido (-a), comportarsi come uno (-a) stupido (-a)
4) Theatre Cine recitarehe's only acting — sta solo facendo finta or recitando
2. vtto act the fool fig — fare lo (-a) stupido (-a) or il (la)cretino (-a)
3. n1) (deed) attoan act of folly — una pazzia, una follia
to catch sb in the act — cogliere qn in flagrante or sul fatto
2) (also: act of Parliament) legge f3) (Theatre: of play) atto, (in circus, music-hall) numero, (fig: pretence) scena, messinscenait's only an act — è tutta scena, è solo una messinscena
•- act on- act out- act up -
3 Eigenschaft
f quality; (Merkmal) (distinctive) feature, characteristic; PHYS., CHEM. property; (Wesen) nature; (Eigentümlichkeit) peculiarity; gute / schlechte Eigenschaften einer Person: good / bad points ( oder habits), positive / negative traits; einer Sache: good / bad points, advantages / disadvantages ( oder drawbacks); in seiner Eigenschaft als in his capacity of ( oder as), acting as* * *die Eigenschaftcharacteristic; property; quality; feature; attribute* * *Ei|gen|schaft ['aignʃaft]f -, -en(= Attribut) quality; (CHEM, PHYS ETC) property; (= Merkmal) characteristic, feature; (= Funktion) capacityÉígenschaften (Comput) — properties
* * *die1) (a quality that is a particular part of a person or thing: Intelligence is not one of his attributes.) attribute2) (a typical quality: It is one of his characteristics to be obstinate.) character3) (a personal characteristic or quality: We all have our good points and our bad ones.) point4) (a quality (usually of a substance): Hardness is a property of diamonds.) property5) (some (usually good) feature which makes a person or thing special or noticeable: Kindness is a human quality which everyone admires.) quality* * *Ei·gen·schaft<-, -en>[ˈaign̩ʃaft]f1. (Charakteristik) qualitygute/schlechte \Eigenschaften good/bad qualitieszugesicherte \Eigenschaft JUR warranted quality3. (Funktion) capacityin jds \Eigenschaft als... in sb's capacity as...ich bin in amtlicher \Eigenschaft hier I am here in an official capacity* * *die; Eigenschaft, Eigenschaften (von Lebewesen) quality; characteristic; (von Sachen, Stoffen) propertyin seiner Eigenschaft als Mann/Vorsitzender — as a man/in his capacity as chairman
* * *Eigenschaft f quality; (Merkmal) (distinctive) feature, characteristic; PHYS, CHEM property; (Wesen) nature; (Eigentümlichkeit) peculiarity;gute/schlechte Eigenschaften einer Person: good/bad points ( oder habits), positive/negative traits; einer Sache: good/bad points, advantages/disadvantages ( oder drawbacks);in seiner Eigenschaft als in his capacity of ( oder as), acting as* * *die; Eigenschaft, Eigenschaften (von Lebewesen) quality; characteristic; (von Sachen, Stoffen) propertyin seiner Eigenschaft als Mann/Vorsitzender — as a man/in his capacity as chairman
* * *(Personen) f.attribute (personality) n. (Wissenschaft) f.property (science) n. f.feature n.quality n. -
4 Brown, Andrew
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. October 1825 Glasgow, Scotlandd. 6 May 1907 Renfrew, Scotland[br]Scottish engineer and specialist shipbuilder, dredge-plant authority and supplier.[br]Brown commenced his apprenticeship on the River Clyde in the late 1830s, working for some of the most famous marine engineering companies and ultimately with the Caledonian Railway Company. In 1850 he joined the shipyard of A. \& J.Inglis Ltd of Partick as Engineering Manager; during his ten years there he pioneered the fitting of link-motion valve gear to marine engines. Other interesting engines were built, all ahead of their time, including a three-cylinder direct-acting steam engine.His real life's work commenced in 1860 when he entered into partnership with the Renfrew shipbuilder William Simons. Within one year he had designed the fast Clyde steamer Rothesay Castle, a ship less than 200 ft (61 m) long, yet which steamed at c.20 knots and subsequently became a notable American Civil War blockade runner. At this time the company also built the world's first sailing ship with wire-rope rigging. Within a few years of joining the shipyard on the Cart (a tributary of the Clyde), he had designed the first self-propelled hopper barges built in the United Kingdom. He then went on to design, patent and supervise the building of hopper dredges, bucket ladder dredges and sand dredges, which by the end of the century had capacity of 10,000 tons per hour. In 1895 they built an enclosed hopper-type ship which was the prototype of all subsequent sewage-dumping vessels. Typical of his inventions was the double-ended screw-elevating deck ferry, a ship of particular value in areas where there is high tidal range. Examples of this design are still to be found in many seaports of the world. Brown ultimately became Chairman of Simons shipyard, and in his later years took an active part in civic affairs, serving for fifteen years as Provost of Renfrew. His influence in establishing Renfrew as one of the world's centres of excellence in dredge design and building was considerable, and he was instrumental in bringing several hundred ship contracts of a specialist nature to the River Clyde.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsVice-President, Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland.BibliographyA Century of Shipbuilding 1810 to 1910, Renfrew: Wm Simons.Further ReadingF.M.Walker, 1984, Song of the Clyde. A History of Clyde Shipbuilding, Cambridge.FMW -
5 Stephenson, Robert
[br]b. 16 October 1803 Willington Quay, Northumberland, Englandd. 12 October 1859 London, England[br]English engineer who built the locomotive Rocket and constructed many important early trunk railways.[br]Robert Stephenson's father was George Stephenson, who ensured that his son was educated to obtain the theoretical knowledge he lacked himself. In 1821 Robert Stephenson assisted his father in his survey of the Stockton \& Darlington Railway and in 1822 he assisted William James in the first survey of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway. He then went to Edinburgh University for six months, and the following year Robert Stephenson \& Co. was named after him as Managing Partner when it was formed by himself, his father and others. The firm was to build stationary engines, locomotives and railway rolling stock; in its early years it also built paper-making machinery and did general engineering.In 1824, however, Robert Stephenson accepted, perhaps in reaction to an excess of parental control, an invitation by a group of London speculators called the Colombian Mining Association to lead an expedition to South America to use steam power to reopen gold and silver mines. He subsequently visited North America before returning to England in 1827 to rejoin his father as an equal and again take charge of Robert Stephenson \& Co. There he set about altering the design of steam locomotives to improve both their riding and their steam-generating capacity. Lancashire Witch, completed in July 1828, was the first locomotive mounted on steel springs and had twin furnace tubes through the boiler to produce a large heating surface. Later that year Robert Stephenson \& Co. supplied the Stockton \& Darlington Railway with a wagon, mounted for the first time on springs and with outside bearings. It was to be the prototype of the standard British railway wagon. Between April and September 1829 Robert Stephenson built, not without difficulty, a multi-tubular boiler, as suggested by Henry Booth to George Stephenson, and incorporated it into the locomotive Rocket which the three men entered in the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway's Rainhill Trials in October. Rocket, was outstandingly successful and demonstrated that the long-distance steam railway was practicable.Robert Stephenson continued to develop the locomotive. Northumbrian, built in 1830, had for the first time, a smokebox at the front of the boiler and also the firebox built integrally with the rear of the boiler. Then in Planet, built later the same year, he adopted a layout for the working parts used earlier by steam road-coach pioneer Goldsworthy Gurney, placing the cylinders, for the first time, in a nearly horizontal position beneath the smokebox, with the connecting rods driving a cranked axle. He had evolved the definitive form for the steam locomotive.Also in 1830, Robert Stephenson surveyed the London \& Birmingham Railway, which was authorized by Act of Parliament in 1833. Stephenson became Engineer for construction of the 112-mile (180 km) railway, probably at that date the greatest task ever undertaken in of civil engineering. In this he was greatly assisted by G.P.Bidder, who as a child prodigy had been known as "The Calculating Boy", and the two men were to be associated in many subsequent projects. On the London \& Birmingham Railway there were long and deep cuttings to be excavated and difficult tunnels to be bored, notoriously at Kilsby. The line was opened in 1838.In 1837 Stephenson provided facilities for W.F. Cooke to make an experimental electrictelegraph installation at London Euston. The directors of the London \& Birmingham Railway company, however, did not accept his recommendation that they should adopt the electric telegraph and it was left to I.K. Brunel to instigate the first permanent installation, alongside the Great Western Railway. After Cooke formed the Electric Telegraph Company, Stephenson became a shareholder and was Chairman during 1857–8.Earlier, in the 1830s, Robert Stephenson assisted his father in advising on railways in Belgium and came to be increasingly in demand as a consultant. In 1840, however, he was almost ruined financially as a result of the collapse of the Stanhope \& Tyne Rail Road; in return for acting as Engineer-in-Chief he had unwisely accepted shares, with unlimited liability, instead of a fee.During the late 1840s Stephenson's greatest achievements were the design and construction of four great bridges, as part of railways for which he was responsible. The High Level Bridge over the Tyne at Newcastle and the Royal Border Bridge over the Tweed at Berwick were the links needed to complete the East Coast Route from London to Scotland. For the Chester \& Holyhead Railway to cross the Menai Strait, a bridge with spans as long-as 460 ft (140 m) was needed: Stephenson designed them as wrought-iron tubes of rectangular cross-section, through which the trains would pass, and eventually joined the spans together into a tube 1,511 ft (460 m) long from shore to shore. Extensive testing was done beforehand by shipbuilder William Fairbairn to prove the method, and as a preliminary it was first used for a 400 ft (122 m) span bridge at Conway.In 1847 Robert Stephenson was elected MP for Whitby, a position he held until his death, and he was one of the exhibition commissioners for the Great Exhibition of 1851. In the early 1850s he was Engineer-in-Chief for the Norwegian Trunk Railway, the first railway in Norway, and he also built the Alexandria \& Cairo Railway, the first railway in Africa. This included two tubular bridges with the railway running on top of the tubes. The railway was extended to Suez in 1858 and for several years provided a link in the route from Britain to India, until superseded by the Suez Canal, which Stephenson had opposed in Parliament. The greatest of all his tubular bridges was the Victoria Bridge across the River St Lawrence at Montreal: after inspecting the site in 1852 he was appointed Engineer-in-Chief for the bridge, which was 1 1/2 miles (2 km) long and was designed in his London offices. Sadly he, like Brunel, died young from self-imposed overwork, before the bridge was completed in 1859.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1849. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1849. President, Institution of Civil Engineers 1856. Order of St Olaf (Norway). Order of Leopold (Belgium). Like his father, Robert Stephenson refused a knighthood.Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1960, George and Robert Stephenson, London: Longman (a good modern biography).J.C.Jeaffreson, 1864, The Life of Robert Stephenson, London: Longman (the standard nine-teenth-century biography).M.R.Bailey, 1979, "Robert Stephenson \& Co. 1823–1829", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 50 (provides details of the early products of that company).J.Kieve, 1973, The Electric Telegraph, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.PJGR
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